Marat Bogdaev

Central Defender - Spartak Tambov
22 Jan 2027
Friday
Process

Marked for Marat Bogdaev

25 Edition

The Spartak Tambov Sentinel

18 Jan 2027
From our football correspondent Steady

Squad

Alexandr Shmarov breaks a bone — 38 days out

Brutal, unambiguous and, for all the horror of the moment, usually less career-shaped than the ligament everybody fears more. 38 days, a clean timeline, and a return date somebody can actually plan around.

Squad

Maxim Sergeev in a row with a teammate

It was not about football and everybody who saw it knows that. Two men who have to play together on Saturday said things at Spartak Tambov this week that will take longer than a week to unsay.

Squad

Marat Bogdaev falls out with a teammate over standards

The oldest argument in any dressing room and the only one that is genuinely about football: one man thinks another is not putting enough in. It is also the row a manager privately does not mind having happened.

In brief

Back issues
24 Edition

The Spartak Tambov Sentinel

11 Jan 2027
From our football correspondent Steady

Squad

Alexandr Shmarov breaks a bone — 45 days out

Brutal, unambiguous and, for all the horror of the moment, usually less career-shaped than the ligament everybody fears more. 45 days, a clean timeline, and a return date somebody can actually plan around.

Player ratings

Marat Bogdaev goes up and wins it — 7.97

A defender on the scoresheet, which happens rarely enough that everybody in the ground remembers who took the corner. 1 for him, and a mark of 7.97 for the rest of it.

Squad

Konstantin Kolesnikov: that is not what I was promised

“Things were said to me before I signed. I am not going to repeat them, but I remember all of them.” Spartak Tambov have not answered, which is an answer of sorts.

Squad

Tempers go at Spartak Tambov

Gadjimurad Abdullaev was at the centre of it, and by the time it was pulled apart there were three or four others involved. Training grounds are small places and long seasons make them smaller.

The terraces

The crowd has taken to Daniil Gurchenko

At 23 he is being sung about by people twice his age, which is an affection a signing has to earn over years and a local kid gets for turning up. It is also the hardest thing in football to live up to.

Match

Spartak Tambov find a way past Metallurg

Metallurg made Spartak Tambov work for it, but the scoreboard read 2‑0 at the end and the table does not ask how.

Player ratings

Nothing got past Murad Omarov

Headers, blocks, tackles, interceptions — 20 of them, and not one goal behind him. The sort of performance that never makes a highlight reel and wins football matches.

Squad

Pavel Khodeev gets it from the manager

“Nobody here is above being told.” It was not said with a name attached, but the dressing room can count, and so can everybody who was listening.

Player ratings

Nobody could get near Maxim Levin

Successful dribbles: 10. Every time he got the ball somebody had to make a decision, and every time the decision was wrong.

In brief

22 Edition

The Spartak Tambov Sentinel

28 Dec 2026
From our football correspondent Uneasy

Squad

Alexey Shulgin: that is not what I was promised

“Things were said to me before I signed. I am not going to repeat them, but I remember all of them.” Spartak Tambov have not answered, which is an answer of sorts.

Squad

Tempers go at Spartak Tambov

Daniil Gurchenko was at the centre of it, and by the time it was pulled apart there were three or four others involved. Training grounds are small places and long seasons make them smaller.

Match

The goals have deserted Spartak Tambov

3 matches, no goals, and a training ground that has tried everything. It will end — droughts always do — but nobody at Spartak Tambov can tell you which week it ends in.

Boardroom

Wages eat 222% of everything Spartak Tambov earn

There is a figure at which a wage bill stops being ambitious and becomes the reason nothing else is possible, and this club has reached it. Nothing is left over for a transfer, a stand or a rainy afternoon.

The terraces

The crowd has taken to Marat Bogdaev

At 23 he is being sung about by people twice his age, which is an affection a signing has to earn over years and a local kid gets for turning up. It is also the hardest thing in football to live up to.

Squad

No hiding place for Andrey Bondar'

“I pick players who do the work. All of it.” No name was spoken; every camera still turned to Andrey Bondar', and the manager let it.

Squad

Words at Spartak Tambov training over how hard people work

Somebody said out loud what several people had been thinking. Marat Bogdaev is at the centre of it, and the squad will now find out whether the standard rises or the pair of them simply stop speaking.

Player ratings

Marat Bogdaev takes the honours

Marked 7.62 on an afternoon he ran from the first whistle to the last. Whatever else went wrong, Spartak Tambov had the best player on the pitch.

Player ratings

Murad Omarov was immovable

15 times he got in the way of something. Centre-halves get written about when they make mistakes and ignored when they do not, so an afternoon like this needs saying out loud: he is the reason the scoreline reads as it does.

In brief

21 Edition

The Spartak Tambov Sentinel

21 Dec 2026
From our football correspondent Crisis

Squad

Tempers go at Spartak Tambov

Paulinho Campos was at the centre of it, and by the time it was pulled apart there were three or four others involved. Training grounds are small places and long seasons make them smaller.

Squad

Maxim Sergeev stays put

“The easiest signature of my career.” Maxim Sergeev and Spartak Tambov agree another 4 years, and the manager can plan around him rather than about him.

Match

A bad afternoon for Spartak Tambov against Rotor 2

0‑1 to Rotor 2, and no complaints worth printing. The performance asked for nothing more than it got.

In brief

19 Edition

The Spartak Tambov Sentinel

7 Dec 2026
From our football correspondent Upbeat

Match

Spartak Tambov leave it late against Strogino

Ninety minutes of very little, and then everything at once. The winner arrived in the 89th, and Strogino spent what remained of the match appealing to the referee rather than chasing the ball.

Player ratings

Age has not caught Murad Omarov yet — 7.84

At 35 he is supposed to be managing his minutes. Instead he was marked 7.84 and looked, for ninety minutes, exactly like the player everybody remembers.

Squad

Gadjimurad Abdullaev in a row with a teammate

It was not about football and everybody who saw it knows that. Two men who have to play together on Saturday said things at Spartak Tambov this week that will take longer than a week to unsay.

Player ratings

Nothing got past Marat Bogdaev

20 defensive actions and a clean sheet at the end of them. A defender's afternoon can only be told by what did not happen, which is why nobody makes a highlights package out of one and every manager in the division would take it.

Match

Dmitry Kuptsov the difference as Spartak Tambov beat Strogino

Ask anyone on the way out what separated the sides and you will get one name: Dmitry Kuptsov. 1‑0 against Strogino, and the applause at the whistle was mostly his.

Player ratings

Daniil Gurchenko runs at them all day

Successful dribbles: 18. There is a particular sort of despair on a full-back's face by the seventieth minute, and it was on display.

Squad

Marat Bogdaev falls out with a teammate over standards

The oldest argument in any dressing room and the only one that is genuinely about football: one man thinks another is not putting enough in. It is also the row a manager privately does not mind having happened.

Squad

Vyacheslav Frolov signs on for more

“Some decisions take a long time. This one took ten minutes, and most of that was finding a pen.” Vyacheslav Frolov and Spartak Tambov agree another 2 years.

Squad

Daniil Gurchenko named in the team of the month

A month is long enough that nobody gets in by accident. Daniil Gurchenko is in the division's best eleven for it, which is a quieter compliment than an award and a more reliable one.

In brief

18 Edition

The Spartak Tambov Sentinel

30 Nov 2026
From our football correspondent Steady

Market

Daniil Gurchenko asks to leave Spartak Tambov

“I have given everything here and I need a new challenge.” The request is formal, and the relationship will never be quite the same again.

Match

The run at home goes on for Spartak Tambov

10 matches unbeaten here. Every visiting manager is asked about it in the week before, which is precisely why it keeps going.

Boardroom

223% of the income goes out in wages at Spartak Tambov

Every club in football pays most of what it earns to its players. Paying nearly all of it is a different arrangement, and it has ended the same way every time somebody has tried it.

Squad

Tempers go at Spartak Tambov

Marat Bogdaev was at the centre of it, and by the time it was pulled apart there were three or four others involved. Training grounds are small places and long seasons make them smaller.

Squad

The manager makes an example of Andrey Bondar'

“If you cannot run for the shirt, somebody else will wear it.” No name was used and none was needed; every player in that room knew who it was for.

Player ratings

Ninety minutes of Daniil Gurchenko at his very best

Marked 8.04. Players have careers without a single afternoon like this in them, and he has just had one in front of everybody at Spartak Tambov.

Squad

Words at Spartak Tambov training over how hard people work

Somebody said out loud what several people had been thinking. Alexandr Shmarov is at the centre of it, and the squad will now find out whether the standard rises or the pair of them simply stop speaking.

Match

Spartak Tambov share the spoils with Rodina M

A 1‑1 draw with Rodina M leaves the dressing room somewhere between relief and regret.

Player ratings

Maxim Levin runs at them all day

Successful dribbles: 13. There is a particular sort of despair on a full-back's face by the seventieth minute, and it was on display.

In brief

16 Edition

The Spartak Tambov Sentinel

16 Nov 2026
From our football correspondent Steady

Squad

Pavel Khodeev damages knee ligaments — 22 days out

The words a physio says slowly. 22 days is what the club will announce and everybody who has heard this diagnosis before knows the number is the least of it: the knee comes back before the player does.

Squad

Tempers go at Spartak Tambov

Daniil Gurchenko was at the centre of it, and by the time it was pulled apart there were three or four others involved. Training grounds are small places and long seasons make them smaller.

Match

Nobody wins at Spartak Tambov

9 home matches unbeaten. Visiting sides arrive already talking about the atmosphere, which is usually the sign that they have half-lost before kickoff.

Match

Spartak Tambov find a way past Dinamo Bryansk

Dinamo Bryansk made Spartak Tambov work for it, but the scoreboard read 2‑1 at the end and the table does not ask how.

Squad

Pavel Khodeev gets it from the manager

“Nobody here is above being told.” It was not said with a name attached, but the dressing room can count, and so can everybody who was listening.

Squad

Words at Spartak Tambov training over how hard people work

Somebody said out loud what several people had been thinking. Marat Bogdaev is at the centre of it, and the squad will now find out whether the standard rises or the pair of them simply stop speaking.

In brief

15 Edition

The Spartak Tambov Sentinel

9 Nov 2026
From our football correspondent Steady

Squad

Pavel Khodeev damages knee ligaments — 29 days out

The words a physio says slowly. 29 days is what the club will announce and everybody who has heard this diagnosis before knows the number is the least of it: the knee comes back before the player does.

Player ratings

A defender's goal wins it for Spartak Tambov — 7.98

1 for Marat Bogdaev, marked 7.98, and a centre-half's name in the part of the report he normally only reaches by mistake. He will not be allowed to forget it in the dressing room for a month.

Squad

Daniil Gurchenko in a row with a teammate

It was not about football and everybody who saw it knows that. Two men who have to play together on Saturday said things at Spartak Tambov this week that will take longer than a week to unsay.

The terraces

Spartak Tambov supporters have found a favourite in Daniil Gurchenko

There is a particular warmth a ground reserves for a 23-year-old it feels ownership of. Daniil Gurchenko has it now, and everything he does for the rest of his time here will be measured against the goodwill he was handed for free.

Match

Spartak Tambov find a way past SKA Khabarovsk 2

SKA Khabarovsk 2 made Spartak Tambov work for it, but the scoreboard read 2‑0 at the end and the table does not ask how.

Squad

Alexandr Shmarov falls out with a teammate over standards

The oldest argument in any dressing room and the only one that is genuinely about football: one man thinks another is not putting enough in. It is also the row a manager privately does not mind having happened.

Squad

Gadjimurad Abdullaev dropped after a run of poor form

The one version of being left out a player cannot argue with, and the one he takes worst. Somebody else has been better and the team sheet says so, in public, every week until it changes.

Market

Daniil Gurchenko linked with a move away

The name of Daniil Gurchenko keeps appearing in other people's back pages. Spartak Tambov say nothing, which says plenty.

Player ratings

Nobody could get near Paulinho Campos

Successful dribbles: 8. Every time he got the ball somebody had to make a decision, and every time the decision was wrong.

In brief

13 Edition

The Spartak Tambov Sentinel

26 Oct 2026
From our football correspondent Uneasy

Squad

Alexey Shulgin: that is not what I was promised

“Things were said to me before I signed. I am not going to repeat them, but I remember all of them.” Spartak Tambov have not answered, which is an answer of sorts.

Squad

Tempers go at Spartak Tambov

Paulinho Campos was at the centre of it, and by the time it was pulled apart there were three or four others involved. Training grounds are small places and long seasons make them smaller.

Match

The goals have deserted Spartak Tambov

3 matches, no goals, and a training ground that has tried everything. It will end — droughts always do — but nobody at Spartak Tambov can tell you which week it ends in.

Squad

Murad Omarov gets it from the manager

“Nobody here is above being told.” It was not said with a name attached, but the dressing room can count, and so can everybody who was listening.

Squad

Marat Bogdaev falls out with a teammate over standards

The oldest argument in any dressing room and the only one that is genuinely about football: one man thinks another is not putting enough in. It is also the row a manager privately does not mind having happened.

Player ratings

Nobody could get near Maxim Levin

Successful dribbles: 12. Every time he got the ball somebody had to make a decision, and every time the decision was wrong.

In brief

11 Edition

The Spartak Tambov Sentinel

12 Oct 2026
From our football correspondent Steady

Player ratings

Nobody could get near Daniil Gurchenko

Successful dribbles: 25. Every time he got the ball somebody had to make a decision, and every time the decision was wrong.

Squad

Gadjimurad Abdullaev in a row with a teammate

It was not about football and everybody who saw it knows that. Two men who have to play together on Saturday said things at Spartak Tambov this week that will take longer than a week to unsay.

Squad

Roman Petrov signs a new deal

“I never wanted to be anywhere else. There is unfinished business here.” Roman Petrov commits to Spartak Tambov for another 3 years.

Player ratings

Daniil Chernobay was immovable

17 times he got in the way of something. Centre-halves get written about when they make mistakes and ignored when they do not, so an afternoon like this needs saying out loud: he is the reason the scoreline reads as it does.

Player ratings

The afternoon belonged to Marat Bogdaev

A mark of 7.60, and nobody in the ground would argue with it. He was involved in everything that mattered and most of what did not.

Squad

Pavel Khodeev asks for a word with the manager

“I would rather say it to his face than read about it.” The meeting was requested by the player, which tells you most of what you need to know.

Squad

Alexandr Bazhenov gets it from the manager

“Nobody here is above being told.” It was not said with a name attached, but the dressing room can count, and so can everybody who was listening.

Match

No goals between Spartak Tambov and Ryazan

Ninety minutes, two goalkeepers with clean gloves, and not one finish worth keeping. Ryazan will be the happier side with the point.

Market

Daniil Gurchenko linked with a move away

The name of Daniil Gurchenko keeps appearing in other people's back pages. Spartak Tambov say nothing, which says plenty.

In brief

10 Edition

The Spartak Tambov Sentinel

5 Oct 2026
From our football correspondent Steady

Squad

Tempers go at Spartak Tambov

Gadjimurad Abdullaev was at the centre of it, and by the time it was pulled apart there were three or four others involved. Training grounds are small places and long seasons make them smaller.

Boardroom

Wages eat 303% of everything Spartak Tambov earn

There is a figure at which a wage bill stops being ambitious and becomes the reason nothing else is possible, and this club has reached it. Nothing is left over for a transfer, a stand or a rainy afternoon.

Squad

Words at Spartak Tambov training over how hard people work

Somebody said out loud what several people had been thinking. Marat Bogdaev is at the centre of it, and the squad will now find out whether the standard rises or the pair of them simply stop speaking.

In brief

9 Edition

The Spartak Tambov Sentinel

28 Sep 2026
From our football correspondent Steady

Match

Spartak Tambov run riot against Metallurg

5‑0, and the margin flattered nobody — it could have carried another goal or two without complaint. Afternoons like this are why people keep coming.

Squad

Daniil Gurchenko in a row with a teammate

It was not about football and everybody who saw it knows that. Two men who have to play together on Saturday said things at Spartak Tambov this week that will take longer than a week to unsay.

The terraces

Spartak Tambov supporters have found a favourite in Daniil Gurchenko

There is a particular warmth a ground reserves for a 23-year-old it feels ownership of. Daniil Gurchenko has it now, and everything he does for the rest of his time here will be measured against the goodwill he was handed for free.

Squad

Andrey Bondar' gets it from the manager

“Nobody here is above being told.” It was not said with a name attached, but the dressing room can count, and so can everybody who was listening.

Match

Metallurg blown away early

There is a particular helplessness in conceding 2 times before the twentieth minute. Metallurg tried to reorganise, Spartak Tambov did not allow it, and the result was written long before it was confirmed.

Player ratings

Marat Bogdaev was on a different afternoon to everybody else

8.33. There are performances a supporter describes to somebody who was not there and cannot quite convey; this was one, and the number does not help either.

Player ratings

Maxim Levin was on a different afternoon to everybody else

8.24. There are performances a supporter describes to somebody who was not there and cannot quite convey; this was one, and the number does not help either.

Player ratings

Daniil Gurchenko in the eights

A performance of 8.27 does not come along often, and when it does the rest of the team becomes scenery. He was magnificent.

Squad

Alexandr Shmarov falls out with a teammate over standards

The oldest argument in any dressing room and the only one that is genuinely about football: one man thinks another is not putting enough in. It is also the row a manager privately does not mind having happened.

In brief

7 Edition

The Spartak Tambov Sentinel

14 Sep 2026
From our football correspondent Steady

Market

Volga come back empty-handed

The bid was some way short and Spartak Tambov did not need long over it. Nobody in the game reads a first refusal as the end of anything.

Player ratings

Daniil Gurchenko runs at them all day

Successful dribbles: 25. There is a particular sort of despair on a full-back's face by the seventieth minute, and it was on display.

Squad

Tempers go at Spartak Tambov

Paulinho Campos was at the centre of it, and by the time it was pulled apart there were three or four others involved. Training grounds are small places and long seasons make them smaller.

Match

Whatever happens, Spartak Tambov do not lose

6 games unbeaten now. Some were earned and some were survived, but a habit is forming — and habits are the hardest thing in football to play against.

Squad

No hiding place for Paulinho Campos

“I pick players who do the work. All of it.” No name was spoken; every camera still turned to Paulinho Campos, and the manager let it.

Squad

Marat Bogdaev falls out with a teammate over standards

The oldest argument in any dressing room and the only one that is genuinely about football: one man thinks another is not putting enough in. It is also the row a manager privately does not mind having happened.

Squad

Paulinho Campos has outgrown this division

There is a level at which a footballer stops being tested and starts being contained, and he reached it some time ago. Spartak Tambov know it, and so does everybody who watches him.

Market

Kosmos are about to pick up the phone

A conversation is coming this week. Spartak Tambov will put a number on him, and from there it stops being football and becomes arithmetic.

Match

Daniil Gurchenko rescues a point for Spartak Tambov

It needed Daniil Gurchenko to find the net to bring anything home at all: 1‑1 against Dinamo St Petersburg, and half the dressing room will call it a point won.

In brief

6 Edition

The Spartak Tambov Sentinel

7 Sep 2026
From our football correspondent Steady

Market

Daniil Gurchenko asks to leave Spartak Tambov

“I have given everything here and I need a new challenge.” The request is formal, and the relationship will never be quite the same again.

Squad

Paulinho Campos signs a new deal

“I never wanted to be anywhere else. There is unfinished business here.” Paulinho Campos commits to Spartak Tambov for another 3 years.

Squad

Paulinho Campos in a row with a teammate

It was not about football and everybody who saw it knows that. Two men who have to play together on Saturday said things at Spartak Tambov this week that will take longer than a week to unsay.

Market

Dmitry Koltyukov moves on

Kvant pay $9.0K, and the deal is done. The number reads well on a balance sheet; whether it reads well on the pitch is next season's question.

Market

Spartak Tambov sell Vladislav Konyrev for $7.0K

Vladislav Konyrev has left for Strogino in a $7.0K deal. The accountants are pleased; the supporters are less certain.

Market

Kosmos join the queue for Ilja Tikhomirov

Add another name to the list: Kosmos have asked the question everybody in the game has been asking about Ilja Tikhomirov. The answer from Spartak Tambov has not changed — yet.

Match

Maxim Levin sends Spartak Tambov past Rotor 2

It finished 1‑0, and it was Maxim Levin’s afternoon: on the scoresheet when it mattered, and the reason the points belong to Spartak Tambov.

Player ratings

One of those days for Maxim Levin

There is a version of this player everybody suspected was in there, and on this evidence it is. 8.04, and no argument anywhere in the ground.

Squad

Words at Spartak Tambov training over how hard people work

Somebody said out loud what several people had been thinking. Alexandr Shmarov is at the centre of it, and the squad will now find out whether the standard rises or the pair of them simply stop speaking.

In brief

5 Edition

The Spartak Tambov Sentinel

31 Aug 2026
From our football correspondent Uneasy

Market

Ivan Bzikadze puts it in writing

“This is not anger. I have thought about it for months, and nothing that has happened lately changed my mind.” The request is on a desk at Spartak Tambov, and it is not being withdrawn.

Market

Spartak Tambov turn down Rubin Yalta for Anton Penchelyuzov

The offer was not close and it was refused without much discussion. Whether the second one is refused as quickly is another matter.

Squad

Marat Bogdaev in a row with a teammate

It was not about football and everybody who saw it knows that. Two men who have to play together on Saturday said things at Spartak Tambov this week that will take longer than a week to unsay.

Player ratings

Maxim Levin runs at them all day

Successful dribbles: 19. There is a particular sort of despair on a full-back's face by the seventieth minute, and it was on display.

Squad

No hiding place for Pavel Khodeev

“I pick players who do the work. All of it.” No name was spoken; every camera still turned to Pavel Khodeev, and the manager let it.

Match

Spartak Tambov and Znamya Truda take a point apiece

It finished 2‑2, and it somehow always looked like it would. One of those afternoons where the table moves less than the tempers.

In brief

4 Edition

The Spartak Tambov Sentinel

24 Aug 2026
From our football correspondent Uneasy

Match

The cup run ends for Spartak Tambov

1‑1 against Dinamo Kirov, and the road stops here. Cup exits are quick deaths — no second leg, no next week, just the league from now until May.

Market

Fakel come back empty-handed

The bid was some way short and Spartak Tambov did not need long over it. Nobody in the game reads a first refusal as the end of anything.

Squad

Alexandr Bazhenov is the hero from the spot

A shoot-out is remembered by its ending, and this one ends with Alexandr Bazhenov: 1 kept out, and a set of supporters who will describe every one of them for the next twenty years.

Market

Dmitry Koltyukov hands in a written request

“I have nothing bad to say about this place. I just need to be somewhere else.” It is in writing now, which changes what Spartak Tambov can pretend not to have heard.

Squad

Tempers go at Spartak Tambov

Maxim Sergeev was at the centre of it, and by the time it was pulled apart there were three or four others involved. Training grounds are small places and long seasons make them smaller.

Player ratings

Dmitry Kuptsov ran the middle of the pitch — 6.59

He won it back and then made something of it, which is two jobs and the reason the scoreline looks the way it does. 11 combined actions and a mark of 6.59, and not one of them will make a highlights package.

Squad

Words at Spartak Tambov training over how hard people work

Somebody said out loud what several people had been thinking. Marat Bogdaev is at the centre of it, and the squad will now find out whether the standard rises or the pair of them simply stop speaking.

Squad

No hiding place for Alexandr Shmarov

“I pick players who do the work. All of it.” No name was spoken; every camera still turned to Alexandr Shmarov, and the manager let it.

Player ratings

Ilja Vostrikov misses from twelve yards

It was his to settle and he did not settle it. A long walk back to the halfway line, and a considerably longer week.

In brief

1 Edition

The Spartak Tambov Sentinel

3 Aug 2026
From our football correspondent Crisis

Squad

Daniil Gurchenko stays put

“The easiest signature of my career.” Daniil Gurchenko and Spartak Tambov agree another 4 years, and the manager can plan around him rather than about him.

Squad

Tempers go at Spartak Tambov

Daniil Gurchenko was at the centre of it, and by the time it was pulled apart there were three or four others involved. Training grounds are small places and long seasons make them smaller.

Match

A bad afternoon for Spartak Tambov against Dinamo Bryansk

0‑1 to Dinamo Bryansk, and no complaints worth printing. The performance asked for nothing more than it got.

Squad

No hiding place for Andrey Bondar'

“I pick players who do the work. All of it.” No name was spoken; every camera still turned to Andrey Bondar', and the manager let it.

Squad

Words at Spartak Tambov training over how hard people work

Somebody said out loud what several people had been thinking. Marat Bogdaev is at the centre of it, and the squad will now find out whether the standard rises or the pair of them simply stop speaking.

Market

Spartak Tambov and Murad Omarov are talking past each other

“There is a gap, and pretending there is not helps nobody.” Neither side has moved, and the calendar is working for exactly one of them.

In brief